In 1955 Ray Kroc opened his first McDonalds and with clever marketing and restaurant placing, the chain soon skyrocketed in popularity. The company soon became the largest meal serving organization in the US. This was extremely good news for the beef industry, but as we've learned the feedlots for this beef can have a lot of negative environmental implications.
Starting in 1880, the Spanish Cortes de Generales, located in the Palacio de las Cortes, passed a law that gradually emancipated slaves. On October 7, 1886, slavery was officially declared abolished. Many whites, across the world, feared that slavery could not end peacefully, however this process disproved that assumption. Following abolition, many former slaves were still economically dependent on their former owners, to whom they owed compensation toward. Emancipation did not bring equality (95).
Following unrest due to the Pact of Zanjon and the subsequent second war that broke out, the region of El Cobre experienced much fighting between the Spanish and slaves that had now rebelled to fight for their independence. This area saw a massive increase in the number of farms abandoned as large numbers of slaves fled to either join the revolution and fight or flee to try and escape slavery as well as battle. Due to the previous "Ten Years War" that had already exhausted the region, it was much safer for slaves to flee then it had been in prior years.
Spanish Colonel leader, Aurelio Aguilera, trying to address the issue of uncooperative slaves. Prior to this Spanish authorities wanted slave owners to give the slaves a wage in fear of a rebellion. At La Esperanza, a sugar estate, with war spreading more and more slaves began to become "troublesome". Ten slaves were arrested and their freedom was demanding causing retaliation. The war was ended within ten minutes but it revealed many things. One being that slavery was becoming a more and more inviable form of labor and that owners had lost authority.
Throughout the 19th century, the American economy went through a radical shift, called the Market Revolution. This was caused by a number of factors, one of which was better transportation routes like the Erie Canal. Increasingly, the United States was becoming industrialized. This economic shift was accompanied by a change in people's perspectives on land and nature. Increasingly, these were viewed as commodities on which to make a profit, as farming moved beyond subsistence. However, as urban areas grew rapidly, the wealthy also saw nature as an escape from city life, and as a place for recreation and relaxation.
General Electric polluted the Mohawk and the Hudson by dumping in PCBs or polychlorinated biphenyls. This caused immense harmful effects to the wildlife, fish and people who consume from the rivers. This was coupled with misuse of sewage discharge from the city makes the Mohawk one of the most polluted subsidiaries of the Hudson
Jose Marti, while in exile in New York, founded the Cuban Revolution Party, which he used to organize people to return with him to Cuba to continue the fight for independence.
Archaeologists in Mexico have identified a ship that carried Mayan people into virtual slavery in the 1850s, the first time such a ship has been found. The wreck of the Cuban-based paddle-wheel steamboat was found in 2017, but wasn’t identified until researchers from the National Institute of Anthropology and History checked contemporary documents and found evidence it was the ship “La Unión.” The ship had been used to take Mayas captured during an 1847-1901 rebellion known as “The War of the Castes” to work in sugarcane fields in Cuba. Slavery was illegal in Mexico at the time, but operators of similar ships had reportedly bought seized captured combatants, or deceived Mayas left landless by the conflict to “sign on” as contract workers, often in Cuba, where they were treated like slaves.
Without proper environmental regulations in place before big factories/power plants are constructed, pollution of the surrounding environment is sure to occur. An example of that is Varnish Factory, formerly known as Schenectady International, where they blatantly dumped chemicals, runoff, and heavy metals in the Mohawk River and other surrounding water sources. Local residents also have a high count of cancers and other diseases that can attributed to the pollution from the Varnish Factory.
American Locomotive closed down their headquarters in Schenectady New york in 1969. American Locomotive along with GE, was a center of attraction for the city, as it employeed hundreds of people.
The creation of the Schenectady Locomotive Works manufacturing factory that was an integral part of the transcontinental railroad function and Central Pacific Railroad.
As the chance of emancipation grew, enslaved people tackled bigger difficulties in the slave system. At La Esperanza, a sugar estate, the enslaved people started speaking out against the harsh leader. Aurelio Aguilera, a Spanish colonel, tried to scare the people into obedience by arresting 10 people seen as "troublesome" hoping that it would subdue the rest. This did not work out as planned as the people continued to fight back trying to get freedom for the 10 arrested earlier. The enslaved people challenged the soldiers which resulted in a 10 minute struggle. An additional two people were arrested and everyone else also received punishment. While this was not successful on the behalf of the enslaved people. It is still an extremely important event because it shows how slaveholders were losing their grip on power since they had to remind people of the social hierarchy, and even with these "reminders", people weren't being obedient.
The treaty of Zanjon freed only those slaves who had rebelled against Spain, leaving those who remained loyal to Spain enslaved. The treaty was created to solve the issues of emancipation but it produced opportunities for slaves to mount acts of open rebellion. The men at Zanjon had struck for peace under Spain over independence and emancipation, so they called for a continuation of war until both independence and full emancipation was secured.
On the Mohawk river, a bit south of Albany New York, a freshwater dam was constructed. This impounded the Schoharie Creek, a tributary of the Mohawk river, which was turned into a reservoir for the New York City water system.
After leaving Pinar del Rio Maceo was ambushed in Havana province. The Spanish did not realize they had killed one of the most famous leaders of the rebellion. Following his death his body was retrieved by the insurgents and later his body was dissected. Scientists theories of racial superiority to explain maceos talents.
Calixto Garcia, the president of the Cuban Revolutionary Committee, left New York to provide support in Cuba. When two prominent Black officers of the new insurrection surrendered to Spain in June of 1880, Spanish officials used this as proof that the insurrection was a race war. Furthermore, they used the surrender to convince Garcia that Blacks would not recognize his leadership or position in their insurgence. On August 3, 1880, Garcia surrendered himself to Spain.
The Edison Machine Works Company took up 10 acres of factories in Schenectady to make electric motors and systems used for locamotives. This company then merged with other electric companies owned by Thomas A. Edison to form Edison General Electric in 1889. Edison General Electric merged with Thomson-Houston Electric Company in 1892 to form General Electric which became headquarted in Schnectady.
Over 2000 insurgency members deferred to Spanish authorities after running out of resources and losing their homes. The Spanish authorities gave these former members land to build new houses and grow crops to survive on
Europeans moved from the Albany area further outward, settling eventually at Schenectady near the Mohawk River. The area near the river was used for farming and growing crops, with The King's Fort being built there. It was officially chartered in 1798.
On Febuary 8A force of Candians, Mohawk and Algonquin warriors attacked the community of Schenectady in the dark of night burning most of the village and killing 60 residents.
Because of the Great Depression, a large number of Schenectady residents lost their jobs. This massive unemployment is what lead to Schenectady's growth to halt and later become a modern example of urban decay up until the 21st century, .
Originally found in plans dating back to 1813, construction of the Nott Memorial (originally called "Alumni Hall") began in 1858. At some point during the Civil War, construction of the building was halted. After a protest by students in 1869, hoping to encourage the college to finish construction, the building was finished by 1875.