References:

• Darwent, C. E. Shanghai: A handbook for travellers and residents to the chief objects of interest in and around the foreign settlement and native city. Shanghai, China: Kelly and Walsh, 1920. https://hdl.handle.net/2027/hvd.32044010530285
   
• Denison, Edward, and Ren, Guang Yu. Building Shanghai: The Story of China's Gateway. Newark, NJ: John Wiley & Sons, Incorporated, 2006. Accessed May 8, 2026. ProQuest Ebook Central. https://ebookcentral.proquest.com/lib/union/detail.action?docID=1848225&pq-origsite=primo
   
• Farnham File. UCSLaf1856farnham_j_. Union College: Special Collections and Archives. https://arches.union.edu/do/70034446-1ef4-424f-b704-c83f215195a0
   
• Farnham, J. M. W. “Historical Sketch of Shanghai Station.” In Jubilee Papers of the Central China Presbyterian Mission, 1844–1894: Comprising Historical Sketches of the Mission Stations at Ningpo, Shanghai, Hangchow, Soochow and Nanking, with a Sketch of the Presbyterian Mission Press. Shanghai, China: American Presbyterian Mission Press, 1895: 36–76. https://hdl.handle.net/2027/hvd.32044024499634
   
• Farnham, J. M. W. Homeward; or, Travels in the Holy Land, China, India, Egypt, and Europe. Schenectady, NY: Yates & Moir, 1879. https://hdl.handle.net/2027/njp.32101058099340
   
• Farnham, J. M. W., and Tayler Lewis Collection. Sing iak long Ka-la-tʻaʼ (cʼe-du tau) Muk-zʼ-lōk ding : Zongʼ-ʻhae ʻtʻoo-bak. Mae wo sū-kwaenʼ (American Bible Society), 1870. https://union.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/permalink/01UCNY_INST/vfi3eu/alma991002926749704651
   
• Kuhn, Merz. 2025. “A Brief History of Chinese Stone Lions.” Organizing Theme Thesis.
   
• Liang, Xinli. 梁欣立. 2007. Beijing Gu Shi 北京古獅 (Old Stone Lions of Beijing). Di 1 ban. Beijing Shi: Beijing tu shu guan chu ban she.
   
• Li, Zhigang 李芝岗. 2004. Zhonghua shi shi diao ke yi shu 中华石狮雕刻艺术 (The Art of Chinese Stone Lion Sculpture). Di 1 ban. Bai hua wen yi chu ban she.
   
• Lullo, Sheri A. 2025. From Cultural Symbol to Campus “Idol” and Back:  A Chinese Stone Lion at Union College. Asian Studies, 13(1): 157-192. https://doi.org/10.4312/as.2025.13.1.157-192.
   
• Lullo, Sheri A. 2022. From Lion to ‘Idol’: An Early Reception of Chinese Sculpture in America. Orientations. https://www.orientations.com.hk/highlights/from-lion-to-idol-an-early-reception-of-chinese-sculpture-in-america
   
• Paludan, Anne. 1991. The Chinese Spirit Road: The Classical Tradition of Stone Tomb Statuary. New Haven, Conn., etc: Yale University Press.
   
• Smith, A. and Zhongpei, Q. 2017. Marking the Spirit Road: Funerary Stone Sculpture in China. Expedition Magzine, 59(3), https://www.penn.museum/sites/expedition/marking-the-spirit-road/
   
• Union College: Special Collections and Archives. “Office of College Relations Records.” RG04.013.
   
• Union College. 2022. "From beneath layers of paint, a treasure emerges."  https://www.union.edu/news/stories/202212/beneath-layers-paint-treasure-emerges
   
• Xu, Huadang 徐华铛. 2004. Zhongguo shizi zaoxing yishu 中国狮子造型艺术 (The Art and Form of Chinese Stone Lions). Tianjin: Tianjin Renmin Meishu Chubanshe.
   
• Zhu, Guorong 朱國榮. Zhongguo shizi diaosu yishu 中國獅子雕塑藝術 (The Art of China’s Carved Stone Lions). Shanghai: Shanghai Shudian Chubanshe, 1996.

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